LCD TV Panels: A History Of Their Interface Technology

In the display industry, the consistent trend is to move toward higher-resolution displays. However, increasing
the resolution results in increasing the overall data rate both from the host to the panel, and within the panel
itself. By the late 1990s, resolutions for LCD (liquid crystal display) panels were moving from VGA (video
graphics array) resolutions with a cumulative bandwidth requirement of slightly more than 300 Mbits/s to XGA (extended graphics array) resolutions that required 850 Mbits/s. In addition, UXGA (ultra extended graphics array) resolution and its 2-Gbit/s requirement loomed on the horizon. The increasing frequency was creating problems with the TTL interface between the host and the LCD panel. Power consumption was ballooning, electromagnetic interference (EMI) was on the rise, and larger connectors and cables were required to meet the expanding number of data lines.

In 1999, National Semiconductor released the Open Low-Voltage Differential-Signaling Display Interface, or OpenLDI specification, which serialized 22 TTL signals down to four differential pairs. Because the new interface was low swing (±400 mV versus several volts for TTL) and differential, the total power and EMI were significantly reduced. Also, as the total number of wires was reduced from 22 down to eight, the connectors and cabling shrank, saving system cost and improving the mechanical connection between the host and the panel. OpenLDI is now the de facto standard interface between the graphics controller
and the LCD panel in notebook computers.

Once the issues of the host-panel interface were solved, similar issues existed within the panel. For XGA resolutions, system designers were using a dual TTL bus with 36 data signals per bus. National Semiconductor used the success of LVDS and OpenLDI as a baseline for creating another open standard for the Reduced-Swing Differential-Signaling (RSDS) interface to solve intra-panel interface issues. The RSDS interface reduced the total number of wires from 72 (two 36-wide buses) to 20 (10 differential pairs). The voltage swings were ±200 mV differential, reducing both the power and the EMI of the panel.
Following the success of OpenLDI, RSDS technology has become the de facto standard for intra-panel interfaces for all notebook and monitor resolutions from XGA through UXGA.

LVDS and RSDS technologies accomplished the same end goal at two different points in the data flow. LVDS technology lowered the power, improved EMI, and reduced the wire count between the graphics controller and the LCD panel. RSDS technology provided the same benefits between the timing controller and the column drivers within the panel. More information on LVDS and RSDS technologies is available at www.national.com.

Credit: Craig Zajac | ED Online ID #8445 | July 19, 2004

Hong Kong Electronics Fair 2016 featuring Robots and Drones

Asia's Largest Spring Electronics Fair organised by the HKTDC and held at the HKCEC, the Hong Kong Electronics Fair (Spring Edition) presents all kinds of electronics products and services such as audio-visual products, branded electronics, eco-friendly products, new inventions, telecommunications products and testing, inspection & certification services.

Understanding NTSC, PAL and SECAM TV System

There are three video formats used in the world. each one is incompatible with the others: PAL, NTSC, SECAM.

America and Canada use NTSC, which stands for National television system committee. this was the first colour tv broadcast system. NTSC is also used in Asia, including Japan. western europe and australia use PAL, or phase alternating line format. PAL was developed in the early 1960's.. the increased bandwidth allows for better picture quality. eastern europe and france use SECAM, or sequential couleur avec memoire (sequential color with memory). SECAM uses the same bandwidth as PAL but transmits the colour information sequentially.

The differences exist because of field timing reference signals. these signals tell the TV or receiver to be ready to receive the next picture in a stream of images. TV equipment used the frequency of the AC current as source for this timing because it was easy and readily available (obviously). if the equipment and televisions weren't exactly in sync, you would see large rolling bars on TV monitors on video and cause massive flicker. since AC currently in the world is wither 50Hz or 60Hz, this caused two groups of video formats.. 25 frames/sec (50Hz) and 30 frames/sec (60Hz).

Later when colour was added, 60Hz formats changed to 59.94Hz. The addition of colour actually messed things up even more, which is what PAL was to solve. NTSC was soon dubbed, Never The Same Colour. PAl was supposed to correct shifts in the colour sub-carrier phase of the signal. Every other line has its phase in reverse order, which is why it's called Phase Alternate Lines.

People joked that it stood for Pay for Added Luxury (re: cost of delay line). France fixed the colour problem on their own with SECAM, which people said stood for System Essentially Contrary to American Method. Eastern Block countries adopted this format for purposeful incompatibility with western transmissions, possibly also political reasons.

type    lines   horizontal freq vertical freq
------  ------- --------------- ---------------------
NTSC    525/60  15.734kHz       60Hz
PAL     625/50  15.625kHz       50Hz
PAL-N   625/50  15.625kHz       50Hz
PAL-M   525/60  15.750kHz       60Hz
SECAM   625/50  15.625kHz       50Hz

and that's why there are multiple formats, where they are supported, and what they mean.

Source: http://www.yak.net/fqa/165.html

Digital Television in the Philippines

Online Channels
Metro Manila (Mega Manila)

Frequency: 647.143MHz
ABS-CBN
ABS-CBN Sports+Action
CINEMO! ------------------- (Encrypted) Only available on TVplus
YEY! ----------------------- (Encrypted) Only available on TVplus
Knowledge Channels ------ (Encrypted) Only available on TVplus
DZMM Teleradyo ---------- (Encrypted) Only available on TVplus
ABS-CBN 1seg (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)

Frequency: 641.143MHz (New Frequency)
PTV SD1
PTV SD2
PTV SD3
PTV 1seg (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)

Frequency: 695.143MHz
TV5
AKSYON TV
CATSUP (Test Broadcast)
TV5 1SEG (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)

Frequency: 551.143MHz
GMA
GMA News TV
GMA 1SEG (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)

Frequency: 521.143MHz
ETC
Jack City
2nd Avenue
HSN (Blink TV \"SM Cinema\")

Frequency: 581.143MHz
BEAM 1 Seg (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)
BEAM TV
O Shopping
TV Shop
TBN Asia

Frequency: 617.143MHz
UNTV-1
UNTV-2
ADDTV
UNTV 1seg (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)

Frequency: 653.143
Hope Phil HD
3ABN
Hope Inter SD

Frequency: 683.143MHz (Online Test Broadcast 12:00AM to 4:00AM Only)
INCTV HD 
NET25 HD
INCTV SD
NET25 SD
INCTV-1Seg (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)
NET25-1Seg (for mobile 1seg built-in tuners)

Provincial Areas
ABS-CBN - Central Luzon Frequency: 533.143MHz
ABS-CBN - Calabarzon Frequency: 677.143MHz
ABS-CBN - Cebu City Frequency: 611.143MHz

Offline Channels
Reserved Frequency: 677.143MHz
SMNI Frequency: 629.143MHz
RPN (CNN Philippines) Frequency 503.143

TVplus Manual Scan Video: <click here for link>

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